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Why do we do what we do? "I think that the manifestation of our culture in terms of our identity is absolutely crucial." Prime Minister Paul Martin ____________________________________ Most
creative rural areas Artists
by Neighbourhood in Canada
shows that there are many significant artistic clusters in rural areas across
__________________________ Government investments in arts and culture yield very significant returns(take note of what the richest province in the country spends per capita!! also in blue font below) Key messageGovernment investments in arts and culture pay off – with roughly $7 billion
invested in 2001-02, the sector generated an economic impact of $26 billion,
creating 740,000 jobs! Government investment makes this activity possible,
and it helps arts organizations leverage private sector support. Without
public funding, the cost of attending an arts event would be prohibitive for
many Canadians, including Canada’s youth. With a budget of $151 million,
the Canada Council represents 5 per cent of the total Department of Canadian
Heritage portfolio and its grants budget costs about $4.32 per Canadian per
year. ·
The three levels
of government invested a total of $6.8 billion on arts and culture in 2001-02 as
follows: o
$3.2 billion by
the federal government; o
$2.1 billion by
the provincial and territorial governments; and o
$1.8 billion by
the municipal governments. ·
Total government
expenditures on culture increased from $5.9 billion in 1993-94 to $6.8 billion
in 2001-02. In real dollar terms, however, total expenditures have only
increased to just under $6.1 billion (measured in 1993 dollars). “Federal policy has been driven by a belief that culture is important
to all Canadians and that we need to express our sense of ourselves. Through
books and magazines, radio and television programs, films, multimedia, art and
theatre, museums and historic sites, Canadian culture helps us to understand and
to celebrate our lives as Canadians. Canadian culture is the shared experience
of being Canadian. … Canada’s insistence on its own cultural space and on
the importance of cultural diversity has much to do with living next door to the
most powerful economic and cultural dynamo in the world. Many countries agree
with Canada’s approach: they are coming to study our cultural framework, and
that’s an indication we’re doing something right.” Culture & Heritage: Making Room for Canada’s Voices ·
Over the past 17
years, the municipal share of arts and cultural spending has increased to 25 per
cent (from 16 per cent) while the federal government share has decreased to 45
per cent (from 54 per cent). The provincial and territorial share of
cultural spending has remained constant at 30 per cent.
·
Public investments
in arts and culture span a wide and diverse spectrum of activities. Nearly
75 per cent of total government expenditures on culture in 2001-02 were on
libraries, broadcasting (primarily the CBC) and heritage resources. The
performing arts received roughly 5 per cent of total funding, while support to
the visual arts and crafts, sound recording and multiculturalism each
represented less than one per cent of total cultural spending. ·
Total government
spending, on a per capita basis, was $217 for each Canadian in 2001-02 –
compared to $202 in 1990-91. With a budget of $151 million, the Canada
Council represents 5 per cent of the total Department of Canadian Heritage
portfolio and its grants budget costs about $4.32 per Canadian per year. The
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) accounts for roughly 35 per cent of the
total Canadian Heritage portfolio.
Federal government expenditures
·
The federal
government allocated 1.8 per cent of its total budget to culture in 2001-02. ·
Expenditures on
broadcasting, primarily on the CBC, totaled $1.6 billion in 2001-02, accounting
for 49 per cent of total federal expenditures on culture. Taken together,
expenditures on broadcasting, heritage resources and film and video account for
82 per cent of total federal investments. ·
Grants,
contributions and other transfers to artists and cultural organizations totaled
$670 million in 2001-02 – an annual increase of 16 per cent. This was
the sixth consecutive year for funding increases to artists and cultural
organizations. ·
Federal government
expenditures increased by nearly 21 per cent between 1997-98 and 2001-02.
The largest percentage increases were in sound recording, multidisciplinary
activities and libraries. Funding for multiculturalism declined by almost
70 per cent during this period. Provincial & Territorial government expenditures
·
Sixty-four per
cent of provincial and territorial investments in culture are on libraries and
heritage resources. ·
Since 1997-98,
provincial and territorial expenditures on culture have increased by nearly 24
per cent or by $412 million. Increases in funding for libraries, heritage
resources and the performing arts accounted for 65 per cent of this increase. ·
Provincial and
territorial grants and contributions to artists and cultural organizations
totaled $1.4 billion in 2001-02 – more than twice the federal contribution. ·
The largest
percentage increases in provincial and territorial expenditures between 1997-98
and 2001-02 were for multiculturalism, sound recording and film and video.
The largest increases in government investments were in the provinces of
Alberta, Quebec, Saskatchewan and Ontario. Expenditures declined in
Newfoundland and Labrador and the Northwest Territories.
·
Expenditures by
the provinces of Ontario and Quebec accounted for 61 per cent of total
provincial and territorial spending on culture in 2001-02. ·
Quebec makes the
largest overall investments in culture of all the provinces and territories.
Funding for the performing arts, for example, totaled $103 million in 2001-02
– representing 64 per cent of total provincial and territorial expenditures in
this sector. Quebec also made the largest expenditures on arts education
($24 million). Municipal government expenditures·
Municipal
government investments in arts and culture increased by 16 per cent between 1997
and 2001. The largest increases were for museums and historic parks and
sites. ·
For over a decade,
municipal government spending on libraries has averaged three-quarters of the
total cultural budget. In 2001, municipal governments spent $1.3 billion
on libraries.
·
Municipal
government expenditures on the performing arts decreased by 57 per cent between
1997 and 2001 – a loss of nearly $37 million for arts organizations in Canada.
Expenditures on public archives also decreased during this time period. ·
Municipal
government expenditures decreased in Manitoba, Yukon and the Northwest
Territories between 1997 and 2001. The largest increases in funding were
by Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Quebec and Ontario.
Data source: Creating jobs and economic impactKey message: ·
The direct impact
of the arts and cultural sector in Canada – as measured by its contribution to
gross domestic product (GDP) – was $26 billion in 2001, with total direct
employment reaching an estimated 740,000 jobs (roughly the same as agriculture,
forestry, fishing, mining, oil & gas and utilities combined). ·
Employment growth
in the arts and cultural sector outpaced the growth of Canada’s workforce
during the 1980s and 1990s. Culture sector employment grew twice as fast
as the total workforce in the 1980s, and strong employment growth was maintained
through the 1990s – due in part to larger exports, most especially for film
and video production and sound recording. Since 2000, however, the rate of
growth in culture sector employment has slowed, and between 2001 and 2002, the
number of culture sector workers actually declined by 0.1 per cent.
According to Statistics Canada: “The domestic culture industry is facing
increasing pressures from imports of culture goods and services … [since] it
remains extremely difficult to develop, produce and distribute Canadian products
at a profit given the relatively small size of the market.” “Self-employment
is indeed a striking feature of the culture sector workforce. One in four
workers in the culture sector was self-employed in 2002, notably higher than the
15% the self-employed made up of the entire workforce. Even more striking,
58% of all those employed in ‘culture occupations’ in the culture sector in
2002 were self-employed. …[The] rapid growth of particular culture industries
could also be a factor. The film and video business, for example, is
dependent on self-employed or freelance workers because much of their work is
done on a project-by-project basis.” Focus on Culture (Vol.14,No.3) ·
Between 1991 and
2002, full-time jobs in the sector increased by 27 per cent and part-time jobs
increased by 63 per cent. Over the same period, the unemployment rate
dropped from 7.9 per cent to 6.4 per cent for workers in the culture sector –
lower than the national averages of 10.3 per cent in 1991 and 7.7 per cent in
2002. ·
The number of
culture sector employees working in public sector institutions (e.g., government
departments and agencies) decreased by 30 per cent from 51,000 in 1992 to 36,000
in 2002. This employment represented 6 per cent of the culture workforce
in 2002. On the other hand, the number of culture jobs in private
businesses increased by 30 per cent between 1992 and 2002, and the number of
self-employed workers increased by 57 per cent. ·
Between 1991 and
2001, the number of jobs in culture occupations increased by 66 per cent,
reaching nearly 174,000 jobs. Almost four out of every five jobs in
culture occupations were full-time, and most employees had a post-secondary
degree or diploma (83 per cent of culture workers had a degree in 1999 versus 62
per cent for all workers). ·
Earnings, however,
are generally lower for cultural workers than the rest of the labour force.
While average employment income in Canada was $31,757 in 2000, actors earned
$21,597, painters and sculptors earned $18,666 and musicians and singers earned
$16,090. In comparison, senior government managers earn $65,020. As
Statistics Canada indicates: “for every successful creative and performing
artist there are many with earnings below those of the average Canadian
worker.” Data sources: Focus on Culture, Statistics
Canada (http://www.statcan.ca/english/ads/87-004-XPB/cullab.htm)
(http://www.statcan.ca/english/IPS/Data/87-004-XIE.htm)
Employment by industry,
Statistics Canada (http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/econ40.htm)
Income by Occupation,
Statistics Canada (http://www.statcan.ca/english/IPS/Data/97F0012XIE2001049.htm) Arts and culture: at the heart of communitiesKey message: Arts and cultural activities bring a community to life,
creating enjoyment for residents and tourists. They make a community
exciting, they attract businesses and they foster the rich diversity that makes
Canada what it is. ·
Arts and cultural
activities help bring a community to life and define its unique characteristics
– whether the community is a large city or a small town. It includes a
community’s history as well as its dreams for the future. It is
impossible to imagine being without the creative part of a community – whether
the “art” appears on walls, in cinemas, in libraries, on the radio, in
architecture, in performance venues or in Canadian streets. ·
Millions of people
– Canadians and international tourists – enjoy arts and cultural offerings
in communities across Canada each year. In 2001, 14 million people
attended a theatre, dance, music and/or opera performance, and in 1999, 27
million people visited a museum, 56 million people visited a heritage
institution and 17 million people visited an historic site. (http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/87F0003XIE/free.htm) ·
Arts and culture
can help put a community “on the map” domestically and internationally –
Chemainus, British Columbia, for example, which has turned its economy around by
creating historic murals and statues to attract tourists. Now known as
“The Little Town That Did,” Chemainus’ revitalization efforts are being
heralded by many international arts councils, including the California Arts
Council. The same can be said for many other communities across Canada. (http://www.cac.ca.gov/impact/resources.cfm) ·
At the center of
arts and cultural activities are Canada’s artists – the singers, painters,
writers, actors and actresses, filmmakers, sculptors, dancers and musicians who
bring an imaginative pulse to a community – as well as arts professionals who
manage the many organizations, festivals and arts events across Canada.
Think of any artistic discipline in the country, and a famous name comes
immediately to mind. This is true for Canadians as well as the millions of
people worldwide who consider themselves to be their fans. Canada’s
artists are claiming center stage around the world, and they are showcasing
Canadian communities to be great places to live, receive an education and visit.
·
Economic research
indicates that skilled, mobile workers choose to live in dynamic, vibrant
communities – with active downtown cores. These communities have
competed most effectively in the past, and they are expected to continue doing
so – which makes quality of life issues increasingly important in the global
economy. (http://www.creativeclass.org/author.shtml)
“… many formerly buttoned-down suburbs have sought to recreate some
of the urban-style amenities that members of the Creative Class desire by
developing pedestrian-friendly town centers filled with coffee shops, sidewalk
cafes, designer merchants and renovated office lofts. … These examples
illustrate not only how far the cities have come back, but how truly pervasive
the demand for quality of place has become. Now even the suburbs are
trying to emulate aspects of the quality of place associated with larger urban
centers. And they are doing so for hard-nosed economic reasons – to
attract the talented people and thus the companies that power growth in
today’s economy.” Dr.
Richard Florida ·
Municipal
governments recognize the vital importance of arts and culture, and the
Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) has developed the following official
policy statement on community economic development: “The promotion, development and preservation of arts, cultural and
heritage sites greatly contribute to the quality of life of communities.
The quality of life of a community directly affects the ability of a
municipality to attract skilled/talented labour. Arts, cultural and
heritage sites also play a role in attracting tourist and tourist dollars into a
community. FCM values the importance of arts, culture and heritage and
advocates for tax incentives and funding mechanisms to preserve built heritage
and promote arts and culture.” ·
The majority of
artistic activity in Canada takes place in large cities, where nearly 74 per
cent of Canada’s artists live. Canada’s cities also house many of the
nation’s largest arts organizations and institutions – the world-renowned
orchestras, ballet companies, theatre organizations, dance companies, opera
companies, concert halls, museums and galleries. ·
Arts festivals are
enjoyed by millions of Canadians and international tourists, and they create
enormous economic impact. One jazz festival or one film
festival, for example, can generate millions of dollars in economic impact and
distinguish a city internationally. “The ability of residents to participate in cultural activities
enhances the livability of cities. Cities must be showcases of culture –
regional, national and international. Preserving, promoting and
celebrating culture is vital to the competitiveness of cities. … Culture is an
often neglected part of the urban dialogue. In other cities in other
countries, cultural competitiveness has been elevated to now be a vital
component for any city wishing to be regarded as a sophisticated worldly and
‘adult’ city.” The Toronto Board of Trade Toronto Arts Council Budget Request December 2002 http://www.torontoartscouncil.org/publications.htm ____________________________________________________________ Number
of people who attend a live performance each year in Canada:
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